Basic Information on Mosquitoes
The mechanism of mosquito-borne diseases and pathogen transmission is explained.
Mosquitoes cause diseases, such as malaria, dengue fever, and Japanese encephalitis. These diseases are caused by the pathogens listed in Table 1 [1]. When a mosquito bites a human or other animal infected with these pathogens, the pathogen is transferred to the mosquito and propagates inside the mosquito. When a mosquito that has propagated a pathogen in the body sucks blood from another person, the saliva of the mosquito is transferred to the human body and the human is infected with the pathogen (Figure).
Table 1: Mosquito-borne pathogens and disease names
Disease name | Pathogen | Primary vector mosquitoes |
---|---|---|
Dengue fever | Dengue virus | Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus |
Malaria | Plasmodium malaria | Anopheles |
Yellow fever | Yellow fever virus | Aedes aegypti |
Japanese encephalitis | Japanese encephalitis virus | Culex pipiens |
Zika fever | Zika virus | Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus |
Chikungunya fever | Chikungunya virus | Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus |
Figure: Mechanism of pathogen transmission by mosquitoes